Question:
I have been breaking my fasts several times in several years. i want to know how can i do kaffarah. i cant afford to keep fasts for 60 days for each broken fasts. do i need to pay kaffarah for feeding 60 people for each broken fasts? i feel really sad about it and it is going in my mind always. i feel like hurdles are coming in my life and want to do taubah.
JazakAllah
JazakAllah
Answer:
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
In principle, one who deliberately breaks his fast in the month of Ramadan either by eating, drinking, or engaging in intercourse must fulfil the qadhaa’ and kaffarah of his broken fast. Qadhaa’ of a fast is to fast on an alternative day as a replacement for the broken fast. One individual qadhaa’ fast must be fulfilled for each broken fast.
In addition to qadhaa’, kaffarah becomes incumbent on a person as an expiation for purposefully breaking the fardh fast of Ramadan. If one violated multiple fasts by intentionally eating or drinking (without a valid excuse), then he is obliged to fulfill only one kaffarah, regardless of whether he broke the fasts of a single Ramadan or that of multiple Ramadans.
It should be noted that after fulfilling the kaffarah, if one breaks another fast by intentionally eating or drinking (without a valid excuse), then another kaffarah will become compulsory.
Conversely, if the fast or Ramadan was violated due to intentionally engaging in intercourse, then he is obliged to fulfill one kaffarah for each Ramadan he did this in. Therefore, if he intentionally engaged in intercourse in one Ramadan, he will have to do one kaffarah, regardless of how many times he engaged in it in this particular Ramadan. Similarly, if he intentionally engaged in intercourse in two separate Ramadans, he must fulfill two kaffarahs, regardless of how many times he engaged in the act in these two Ramadans; and so forth.
The Kaffarah (expiation) for a broken fast is to fast sixty consecutive days. If one fails to consecutively fast the duration of sixty days by missing even one day, he must recommence the sixty days.
If due to a legitimate reason one is unable to fast sixty consecutive days (e.g., due to chronic sickness or old age), then he must perform one of the following:
It must be noted that while having the ability to fast for sixty consecutive days, if one alternatively chooses to feed the poor, his kaffarah will be invalid.
You mention that you feel ‘really sad about it’ and it is going on in your mind always. You should note that this a sign of your Iman. Consider this hadith:
Abu Sa’id al-Khudri reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon, him, said, “The parable of the believer and faith is that of a horse in its stable. It roams about and then returns to its stable (i.e. the believer becomes negligent and then returns back to faith).” (Musnad Aḥmad 11312)
As for the hurdles you are facing in your life, consider this hadith of Prophet ﷺ
“…Whoever is focused only on this world, Allah will confound his affairs and make him fear poverty constantly, and he will not get anything of this world except that which has been decreed for him. Whoever is focused on the Hereafter, Allah will settle his affairs for him and make him feel content with his lot, and his provision and worldly gains will undoubtedly come to him. (Sunan Ibn Majah - 4105)”
Therefore, it is imperative to ponder over and reconsider one’s targets and goals in life and align them with the hereafter by repenting to Allah with sincere Taubah. Imam An-Nawawi states:
The scholars have said it is necessary to repent from every sin. If the offense is between the servant and Allah Almighty, unrelated to the right of a human being, then it has three conditions: First, to stop committing it. Second, to feel regret for committing it. Third, to be determined not to recommit it. If one of these three are missing, one’s repentance is not sound. If the offense is related to a human being, then its conditions are four: these three and fulfilling the rights of those involved. If it involves property and so on, it is restored to him. (Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn 1/14)
In addition to qadhaa’, kaffarah becomes incumbent on a person as an expiation for purposefully breaking the fardh fast of Ramadan. If one violated multiple fasts by intentionally eating or drinking (without a valid excuse), then he is obliged to fulfill only one kaffarah, regardless of whether he broke the fasts of a single Ramadan or that of multiple Ramadans.
It should be noted that after fulfilling the kaffarah, if one breaks another fast by intentionally eating or drinking (without a valid excuse), then another kaffarah will become compulsory.
Conversely, if the fast or Ramadan was violated due to intentionally engaging in intercourse, then he is obliged to fulfill one kaffarah for each Ramadan he did this in. Therefore, if he intentionally engaged in intercourse in one Ramadan, he will have to do one kaffarah, regardless of how many times he engaged in it in this particular Ramadan. Similarly, if he intentionally engaged in intercourse in two separate Ramadans, he must fulfill two kaffarahs, regardless of how many times he engaged in the act in these two Ramadans; and so forth.
The Kaffarah (expiation) for a broken fast is to fast sixty consecutive days. If one fails to consecutively fast the duration of sixty days by missing even one day, he must recommence the sixty days.
If due to a legitimate reason one is unable to fast sixty consecutive days (e.g., due to chronic sickness or old age), then he must perform one of the following:
- Feed sixty poor people two full meals a day
- Feed one poor person two meals a day for sixty days
- Give sixty poor people 2.25 kg of wheat or its value in cash or give the same amount to one poor person for sixty days.
It must be noted that while having the ability to fast for sixty consecutive days, if one alternatively chooses to feed the poor, his kaffarah will be invalid.
You mention that you feel ‘really sad about it’ and it is going on in your mind always. You should note that this a sign of your Iman. Consider this hadith:
Abu Sa’id al-Khudri reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon, him, said, “The parable of the believer and faith is that of a horse in its stable. It roams about and then returns to its stable (i.e. the believer becomes negligent and then returns back to faith).” (Musnad Aḥmad 11312)
As for the hurdles you are facing in your life, consider this hadith of Prophet ﷺ
“…Whoever is focused only on this world, Allah will confound his affairs and make him fear poverty constantly, and he will not get anything of this world except that which has been decreed for him. Whoever is focused on the Hereafter, Allah will settle his affairs for him and make him feel content with his lot, and his provision and worldly gains will undoubtedly come to him. (Sunan Ibn Majah - 4105)”
Therefore, it is imperative to ponder over and reconsider one’s targets and goals in life and align them with the hereafter by repenting to Allah with sincere Taubah. Imam An-Nawawi states:
The scholars have said it is necessary to repent from every sin. If the offense is between the servant and Allah Almighty, unrelated to the right of a human being, then it has three conditions: First, to stop committing it. Second, to feel regret for committing it. Third, to be determined not to recommit it. If one of these three are missing, one’s repentance is not sound. If the offense is related to a human being, then its conditions are four: these three and fulfilling the rights of those involved. If it involves property and so on, it is restored to him. (Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn 1/14)
قال في نور الإيضاح: باب ما يفسد الصوم وتجب به الكفارة مع القضاء: وهو اثنان وعشرون شيئا: إذا فعل الصائم شيئا منها طائعا متعمدا غير مضطر لزمه القضاء والكفارة وهي: الجماع في أحد السبيلين على الفاعل والمفعول به، والأكل، والشرب سواء فيه ما يتغدى به أو يتداوى به، وابتلاع مطر دخل إلى فمه ... والكفارة: تحرير رقبة ولو كانت غير مؤمنة فإن عجز عنه: صام شهرين متتابعين ليس فيهما يوم عيد ولا أيام التشريق، فإن لم يستطع الصوم: أطعم ستين مسكينا يغديهم ويعشيهم غداء وعشاء مشبعين أو غداءين أو عشاءين أو عشاء وسحورا. أو يعطي كل فقير نصف صاع من بر أو دقيقه أو سويقه أو صاع تمر أو شعير أو قيمته. وكفت كفارة واحدة عن جماع وأكل متعدد في أيام لم يتخلله تكفير ولو من رمضانين على الصحيح. فإن تخلل التكفير لا تكفي كفارة واحدة في ظاهر الرواية. (نور الإيضاح ونجاة الأرواح في الفقه الحنفي: ص135 ط. المكتبة العصرية)
([ثم قال] والكفارة مثل كفارة الظهار) ش: أي الكفارة التي تجب بالواقع، مثل كفارة الظهار، وهي عتق رقبة، فإن لم يجد فصيام شهرين متتابعين، فإن لم يستطع فإطعام ستين مسكيناً لكل مسكين نصف صاع من بر أو صاع من تمر…(البناية شرح الهداية (4/ 59):
قال في الدر: ولو تكرر فطره ولم يكفر للأول يكفيه واحدة ولو في رمضانين عند محمد، وعليه الاعتماد. بزازية ومجتبى وغيرهما. واختار بعضهم للفتوى أن الفطر بغير الجماع تداخل، وإلا لا.
وفي رد المحتار: (قوله: ولم يكفر للأول) أما لو كفر فعليه أخرى في ظاهر الرواية للعلم بأن الزجر لم يحصل بالأولى بحر (قوله: وعليه الاعتماد) نقله في البحر عن الأسرار ونقل قبله عن الجوهرة لو جامع في رمضانين فعليه كفارتان وإن لم يكفر للأولى في ظاهر الرواية وهو الصحيح. اهـ. قلت: فقد اختلف الترجيح كما ترى ويتقوى الثاني بأنه ظاهر الرواية (قوله: إن الفطر) إن شرطية ح (قوله: وإلا لا) أي وإن كان الفطر المتكرر في يومين بجماع لا تتداخل الكفارة، وإن لم يكفر للأول لعظم الجناية ولذا أوجب الشافعي الكفارة به دون الأكل والشرب
(مسائل روزہ للمفتي رفعت قاسمي: ص.86،92 ط.مكتبة قاسمي(
) أحسن الفتاوى: 4/434 ط. إيچ إيم سعيد (
قال في التنوير: وإن جامع في رمضان أو جومع في أحد السبيلين، أو أكل، أو شرب غذاء، أو دواء عمدا أو احتجم فظن فطره به فأكل عمدا قضى وكفر ككفارة المظاهر
وفي رد المحتار: (قوله ككفارة المظاهر) مرتبط بقوله وكفر أي مثلها في الترتيب فيعتق أولا فإن لم يجد صام شهرين متتابعين فإن لم يستطع أطعم ستين مسكينا لحديث الأعرابي المعروف في الكتب الستة. فلو أفطر ولو لعذر استأنف إلا لعذر الحيض وكفارة (رد المحتار على الدر المختار: 2/ 412 ط. أيج أيم سعيد)
وإذا كان الرجل مريضاً لا يستطيع الصوم عن ظهاره فأطعم ستين مسكيناً فغداهم وعشاهم فإن ذلك يجزيه. (الأصل لمحمد بن الحسن: 5/ 22 ط. دار ابن حزم، بيروت)
وقد ذكر في البناية: والكفارة مثل كفارة الظهار... (وقد مر مرجعه)
) أحسن الفتاوى: 4/444 ط. إيچ إيم سعيد)
والكفارة: تحرير رقبة ولو كانت غير مؤمنة فإن عجز عنه صام شهرين متتابعين ليس فيهما يوم عيد ولا أيام التشريق فإن لم يستطع الصوم أطعم ستين مسكينا يغديهم ويعشيهم غداء وعشاء مشبعين أو غداءين أو عشاءين أو عشاء وسحورا أو يعطي كل فقير نصف صاع من بر أو دقيقه أو سويقه أو صاع تمر أو شعير أو قيمته… (مراقي الفلاح: 380-379 ط. دار القباء)
) أحسن الفتاوى: 4/416 ط. إيچ إيم سعيد(
) كفاية المفتي: 6/ 379 ط.إدارة الفاروق (
) فتاوى رحيمية: 2/172 ط. دار الإشاعة(
And Allah Ta'ala knows best.
Sh. Anas Ahsan
11/07/2023
Checked and approved by:
Mufti Faizal Riza
Mufti Anas Qazi
Darul Ifta Australia
www.fatwa.org.au
